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TLR4
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Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), also designated as CD284 (cluster of differentiation 284), is a key activator of the innate immune response and plays a central role in the fight against bacterial infections. TLR4 is a transmembrane protein of approximately 95 kDa that is encoded by the TLR4 gene.. TLR4 belongs to the toll-like receptor family which is representative of the pattern recognition ...
TLR4 (Toll Like Receptor 4) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with TLR4 include Macular Degeneration, Age-Related, 10 and Pertussis.Among its related pathways are Toll Like Receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) Cascade and Diseases of Immune System.Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include signaling receptor activity and lipopolysaccharide binding.
TLR4, a transmembrane receptor, plays a central role in the innate immune response. TLR4 not only engages with exogenous ligands at the cellular membrane's surface but also interacts with intracellular ligands, initiating intricate intracellular signaling cascades. Through MyD88, an adaptor protein, TLR4 activates transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1, thereby facilitating the upregulation ...
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is unique among TLRs in its ability to activate two distinct signalling pathways — one pathway is activated by the adaptors TIRAP (Toll/interleukin-1-receptor (TIR ...
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family which plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the ...
TLR4 was the first toll protein homolog discovered in humans, it was shown to induce expression of genes involved in inflammatory responses (Medzhitov et al., 1997), and its role was confirmed when the point mutation in the TLR4 gene was identified in a mouse strain that was unresponsive to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) (Poltorak et al., 1998 ...
TLR4 utilizes four adapters, including MyD88, TIRAP/MAL, Trif and TRAM. TLR7/8, TLR9, TLR5 and TLR11 use only MyD88. The MyD88-dependent pathway controls inflammatory responses, while Trif mainly ...
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) of Gram-negative bacteria and sequentially triggers two signaling cascades: the first one involving TIRAP and MyD88 adaptor proteins is induced in the plasma membrane, whereas the second engaging adaptor proteins ...
Since the initial description of Toll receptors in Drosophila and their mammalian counterparts Toll-like receptors (TLRs), numerous fundamental and applied studies have explored their crucial role as sensors of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Among the ten human TLRs, TLR4 is particularly well known for its ability to detect lipopolysaccharides (LPS), a component of the Gram ...
The TLR4/MD-2 levels in these infected animals also increase in the bone marrow and kidneys and TLR4 expression is significantly up-regulated in the spleen. Thus, TLR4 in the rabbit likely plays a critical role in the innate response to bacterial infection in the lungs and likely is involved in preventing systemic dissemination of the infection.