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So you should be replacing your ampersands with & when writing a URL in your markup. Note that replacing & with & is only done when writing the URL in HTML, where "&" is a special character (along with "<" and ">").
When text is directly copied from HTML these entities are escaped twice, so '&' becomes '&' which is displayed by the browser as '&'. You must've seen this happen when you wrote your question since reddit does some automatic conversion for HTML entities.
What characters should be escaped with their HTML entities. For example, & is escaped with &. Should ' be escaped with '?
In HTML, the ampersand character ("&") declares the beginning of an entity reference (a special character). If you want one to appear in text on a web page you should use the encoded named entity " & "—more technical mumbo-jumbo at w3c.org. While most web browsers will let you get away without encoding them, stuff can get dicey in weird edge cases and fail completely in XML. This ...
To represent this special character, when writing HTML, you write '''&''' and the browser displays it as '''&'''. If this or other HTML Entities are visible, that could indicate that the script or software which generates the page did not fully/properly decode whatever its data source is back to final form.
I understand the rationale behind why most of the HTML character Entities were created, but I don't understand the purpose behind the ampersand HTML entity. & contains more bits than a & symbol, and it even has the & inside it already! Why was it decided that ampersands should be encoded in the format that requires more data, instead of just using the symbol?
To write an & in HTML, you write "&". If the webmaster makes a typo, it might turn up as &. To make things worse, the webmaster's browser might interpret & as &, so they don't even notice that something is wrong.
From w3c: Authors should use & (ASCII decimal 38) instead of "&" to avoid confusion with the beginning of a character reference (entity reference open delimiter).
Because the & is used for these special codes, if you want to write an actual & character, you need to use a special code for it which is & When you see these codes in the text rather than what they are supposed to represent, that is a result of the software double-processing.
Just escape it as & and everything would be fine. HTML5 allows you to leave it unescaped, but only when the data that follows does not look like a valid character reference. However, it's better just to escape all instances of this symbol than worry about which ones should be and which ones don't need to be.