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El Niño and La Niña are opposite phenomena that affect weather worldwide by changing the ocean temperatures and currents in the Pacific. Learn how they work, when they occur, and what impacts they have on ecosystems and economies.
Southern Oscillation Index timeseries from 1876 to 2024. The Southern Oscillation is the atmospheric component of El Niño. This component is an oscillation in surface air pressure between the tropical eastern and the western Pacific Ocean waters. The El Niño-Southern Oscillation is a single climate phenomenon that periodically fluctuates between three phases: Neutral, La Niña or El Niño ...
Learn about the natural climate pattern of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which causes shifts in ocean temperature and weather across the tropical Pacific and beyond. Find out the current status, latest updates, global impacts, and educational resources on ENSO.
Learn about the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), a natural cycle of ocean and atmosphere interactions that affects global weather and climate. Explore the impacts, causes, and consequences of El Niño and La Niña events with NOAA's educational tools and videos.
El Niño is part of the natural climate phenomenon called the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). It has two opposite states: El Niño and La Niña, both of which significantly alter global weather.
El Niño and La Niña are the warm and cool phases of ENSO (pronounced "en-so"). ENSO is the most influential natural climate pattern on Earth. ENSO swings back and forth every few years. El Niño and La Niña affect both the ocean and the atmosphere. Periods of weaker- or stronger-than-average easterly trade winds initiate El Niño and La Niña. By disrupting the atmospheric circulation ...
Learn what El Niño is, how it affects weather and climate worldwide, and how NOAA forecasts and monitors this natural phenomenon. Find out the latest status, impacts, and history of El Niño events.
The term El Niño, in oceanography and climatology, describes the anomalous appearance, every few years, of unusually warm ocean conditions along the tropical west coast of South America. This event is associated with wide-reaching adverse effects on fishing, agriculture, and local weather.
The El Niño story El Niño is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific, as opposed to La Niña, which is characterized by unusually cold ocean temperatures in the Equatorial Pacific. El Niño is an oscillation of the ocean-atmosphere system in the tropical Pacific having important consequences for weather around the globe. Among these consequences are ...
Learn how El Niño, a natural phenomenon of warm Pacific waters, affects weather and climate around the world. Explore data visualizations of ocean and atmospheric conditions, history and teleconnections of El Niño events.