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El Chichón, also known as Chichonal, is an active volcano in Francisco León, north-western Chiapas, Mexico.El Chichón is part of a geologic zone known as the Chiapanecan Volcanic Arc. El Chichón is a stratovolcano with a complex of domes with a tuff ring, made of ejected volcanic material, located between the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Central America Volcanic Arc. [2]
El Chichon was the first major eruption to have its atmospheric effects studied in detailed by modern instruments. Although the volume of the eruption was small (< 1 cubic km of alkalic trachyandesite tephra, similar in volume to Mount St. Helens), El Chichon was also notable because it released an unusually large volume of aerosols (7 Mt of SO2 compared to 1.0 for Mount St. Helens).
Apr. 4 was the last major explosive event at El Chichón. The total eruption released about 1.1 cubic kilometers of material (dense rock equivalent), or roughly the same as St. Helens in 1980 and a new crater that was a kilometer across and 300 meters deep was formed (an acidic lake has since formed in the crater; see below).Near the volcano, the landscape was covered by 25 to 40 cm of airfall ...
Typical eruption style: Explosive El Chichón volcano eruptions: 1982 (Plininan eruption on 28 March), 1850(?) radiocarbon-dated: 1360 ± 100, 1190 ± 150, 780 AD ± 100, 590 AD ± 100, 480 AD ± 200, 190 AD ± 150, 20 BC ± 50, 700 BC ± 200, 1340 BC ± 150, 2030 BC ± 100, 6510 BC ± 75 years
Not all volcanoes give any warning of impending activity. Exactly thirty years ago, just before midnight 28/29 March 1982, the El Chichón volcano in Chiapas erupted completely without warning and with unexpected fury. Two further eruptions followed in early April.
During one week (28 March-4 April 1982), three powerful explosive eruptions (VEI 5) of El Chichón Volcano caused the worst volcanic disaster in Mexico's recorded history. Pyroclastic flows and surges obliterated nine villages, killing about 2,000 people, and ashfalls downwind posed socio-economic hardships for many thousands of inhabitants of the States of Chiapas and Tabasco.
El Chichon Mexico 17.3602°N, 93.2297°W; summit elev. 1150 m All times are local (unless otherwise noted) After several weeks of local seismicity, explosions in late March and early April ejected a series of tephra columns, two of which penetrated well into the stratosphere. Officials reported that as many as 100 persons may have been killed ...
The (pre-1982) 850-m-high andesitic stratovolcano El Chicho??n, active during Pleistocene and Holocene time, is located in rugged, densely forested terrain in northcentral Chiapas, Me??xico. The nearest neighboring Holocene volcanoes are 275 km and 200 km to the southeast and northwest, respectively. El Chicho??n is built on Tertiary siltstone and sandstone, underlain by Cretaceous dolomitic limes
The El Chichon volcano complex in Chiapas, Mexico, as seen on March 11, 1986, when the devastation of the 1982 eruption is still clear. (Image credit: NASA/USGS)
False-color image of El Chichon seen in 2011, almost 30 years after the dramatic eruption of 1982. Note the ash and volcanic debris still noticeable in many of the drainages and the crater lake in ...