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Web Soil Survey provides soil data and information produced by the National Cooperative Soil Survey for more than 95 percent of the nation's counties. You can view soil maps, descriptions, and data for your area of interest, and get a custom printable report.
Soil, the biologically active, porous medium that has developed in the uppermost layer of Earth's crust. It is one of the principal substrata of life on Earth, serving as a reservoir of water and nutrients, as a medium for the filtration and breakdown of wastes, and as a participant in the cycling of elements.
Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, water, and organisms that supports plant and soil life. Learn about soil formation, classification, ecosystem services, and interactions with climate change and human activities.
Learn how NRCS helps landowners conserve and improve soil health and productivity through technical and financial assistance. Find out more about soil science, soil health, and soil practices on the web page.
Soils are the foundation of terrestrial systems, storing water and nutrients that support forests, crops, and human societies. Geology, climate, ecosystems, and human activities all affect soils. The Ecosystems Land Change Science Program examines long-term soil changes across the Nation to understand and anticipate impacts of changing climate and land use to support healthy ecosystems.
Learn about the definition, ingredients, characteristics, and diversity of soils, the dynamic and diverse natural systems that lie at the interface between earth, air, water, and life. Explore how soils are formed, classified, mapped, and managed, and how they provide critical ecosystem services for humanity.
The different types of soils are classified based on their texture, composition, and properties. Understanding the types of soils is essential for selecting the right plants, fertilizers, and farming practices. In the following key takeaways, we highlight the most important insights on what a soil is and the types of soils.
Soils comprise of layers, or soil horizons, each with their own characteristics. Soil material consists of a variable and often complex mixture of organic matter, sand, silt and clay particles, or is composed of dominantly organic debris.
About half of most soils are inorganic materials, such as the products of weathered rock, including pebbles, sand, silt, and clay particles. About half of all soils are organic materials, formed from the partial breakdown and decomposition of plants and animals. The organic materials are necessary for a soil to be fertile.
Soil is the outer loose layer that covers the Earth's surface and is the foundation for agriculture and forestry. Soils consist of organic material, inorganic material, water and air, and they differ …