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Another evasion mechanism in Yersinia ruckeri SC09 has been identified [18], which enables escape from recognition by the innate immune system. Previously, we showed that Y. ruckeri SC09 has four unique secretory effectors (STIR1, STIR2, STIR3, and STIR4) similar to Toll-like receptor adapter proteins [19], also known as Toll/IL-1 receptor-containing proteins, in bacteria [20].
Interestingly, STIR1, STIR2, and STIR3 exist as a complex in bacteria, which potentially facilitates stable secretion of these proteins. In view of the widespread distribution of similar gene horizontal transfer elements in bacteria, we believe that these regions conferring immune evasion properties exist widely in nature. Data from the current ...
Virulent pathogenic microorganisms often enhance their infectivity through immune evasion mechanisms. Our research on the integrative and conjugative element (ICE(r2)) of the virulent fish pathogen Yersinia ruckeri SC09 led to the identification of genes related to immune evasion (designated stir-1, stir-2, stir-3 and stir-4), among which stir-1 and stir-2 were determined as the key ...
In the small STIR3 subsample (n=41), the estimates had wide 95% CIs, reflecting low statistical power. Our results were restricted to patients with prior lumbar disk herniation. We used previously unvalidated categorical MRI edema change variables that were visually rated. We did not use measurements because measuring volume and intensity by ...
Immune escape is a common feature of bacteria, viruses, parasites and even cancer cells. Our earlier work on an integrative and conjugative element (ICEr2) of Yersinia ruckeri SC09 demonstrated contributory roles of stir-1, stir-2 and stir-3 in bacterial toxicity and ability to code for immune evasi …
STIR3 implied MC-related STIR signal increases with volume ≥ 25% and height > 50% of vertebral body and maximum intensity increase ≥ 25% and presence on both sides of the disc. As pre-planned, interaction with treatment was analysed using ANCOVA in the per protocol population (n = 155).
To assess the effect of amoxicillin versus placebo within the group with the most abundant MC edema on STIR at baseline ("STIR3" group), we added age, STIR3 (yes/no), and STIR3×treatment group (interaction term) as independent variables and compared the marginal means (probabilities of edema reduction).
STIR3 patients had slightly lower baseline RMDQ scores than the previous cohort, less than 13 vs. 15 ; baseline LBP scores were similar, above 6. The STIR3 results were consistent with the hypothesis that some MCs with abundant oedema on STIR might represent low-grade discitis. Importantly, spondylodiscitis was an exclusion criterion and was ...
STIR3 was noted if the high STIR signal (MC edema) fulfilled all the following criteria: volume ≥25% and height >50% of the vertebral body, maximum intensity increase ≥25% (0%, normal vertebral body marrow; 100%, cerebrospinal fluid), and presence on both sides of the disk. STIR1 and STIR2 implied less severe high signals.
The 3 radiologists' majority or median rating was used in the analyses. We also used reported data for a composite categorical variable (STIR 1/2/3) 21 to adjust for baseline MC edema on STIR ("STIR3," yes or no) in relevant analyses. STIR3 represented the most abundant edema and is defined in Table Table1. 1.